Used in topical creams and patches to relieve pain from conditions like arthritis, neuropathy, and muscle soreness by depleting substance P, a chemical involved in transmitting pain signals. Common in over-the-counter pain relief products. Applied in self-defense sprays (pepper sprays) due to its intense irritation effect on eyes and mucous membranes, causing temporary incapacitation. In the food industry, capsaicin provides the heat and pungency in chili peppers and is used as an additive in spicy foods, sauces, and seasonings to achieve desired levels of spiciness. Studied for potential anti-cancer properties, with research exploring its ability to induce apoptosis in certain tumor cells. Used in research settings to study pain pathways and sensory neurons, helping scientists understand chronic pain mechanisms. Added to some animal repellents to deter pests like rodents and deer without causing harm. Investigated for weight management support due to its thermogenic effect, which may boost metabolism and reduce appetite.